Improving sepsis patient care and outcomes
Sepsis research is needed to support clinicians, policymakers and the public – from early detection to survivorship.
About the project
Sepsis is a medical emergency declared by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and is a leading cause of death, disability and healthcare expenditure worldwide and in Australia.
The Health Analytics and Patient Safety research stream is undertaking a sepsis program, which includes range of projects to support important research into early detection and survivorship.
Project lead: Professor Ling Li
- Khalia Ackermann
- Dr Nanda Aryal
- Dr Elizabeth Daniel
- Dr Neroli Sunderland – Honorary Research Fellow, Macquarie University
- Dr Scott Walter – Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Macquarie University
- Professor Johanna Westbrook
Other members and collaborators
- Dr Kasun Rathnayake
Research streams
Our sepsis research program is comprised of five main research themes. Read more about each theme and the associated publications below.
1.1 Evaluation and optimisation of risk identification tools for the early detection of sepsis in adult inpatients
This project was funded by the Clinical Excellence Commission and eHealth NSW. The aims of this project were:
- to evaluate the performance of three risk identification tools for early detection of sepsis cases in adult inpatients during hospital admissions
- to develop two sets of optimised tools applicable at the bedside and for an electronic system. We assessed:
- two bedside tools manually calculated by clinical staff (the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score and the Adult Sepsis Pathway)
- one electronic decision support tool embedded in the electronic Medication Record systems (the Modified St. John Rule).
This project was the first to evaluate the Adult Sepsis Pathway and the Modified St. John Rule in New South Wales, and to compare the performance between these two tools and the qSOFA score. We used more than 130,000 patient admissions from 34 healthcare facilities across metropolitan, rural and regional localities to evaluate these tools and explore improved alternatives.
1.2 Clinical decision support for early detection
This project aims to:
- examine the scope and evidence on the effectiveness of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) to support sepsis early detection
- investigate the effectiveness of CDSS using the electronic health record data.
We have published three review papers and conducted two original research on this research topic.
1.3 Clinical sepsis early detection tools
This project aims to examine the evidence on the effectiveness of clinical score tools for early sepsis detection. In addition to the research conducted by our teams, a number of students in the Macquarie Medical Doctor (MD) program have undertaken research projects in sepsis early detection clinical score supervised by Professor Ling Li. In particular, two MD students have published their first research papers in leading medical journals.
Publications
- Blood culture ordering after sepsis alerts and subsequent patient outcomes: an electronic health record-based study
- Usability of clinical decision support for adult sepsis detection
- Combining C‐reactive protein and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) to improve prognostic accuracy for sepsis and mortality in adult inpatients: a systematic review
- Computerized clinical decision support systems for early detection of sepsis among adult inpatients: scoping review
- Computerized clinical decision support systems for the early detection of sepsis among paediatric, neonatal, and maternal inpatients: scoping review
- Does lactate enhance the prognostic accuracy of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for adult patients with sepsis? A systematic review
- Comparison of the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment and adult sepsis pathway in predicting adverse outcomes among adult patients in general wards: a retrospective observational cohort study
- Evaluation of an augmented emergency department electronic medical record-based sepsis alert
- Use and evaluation of computerized clinical decision support systems for early detection of sepsis in hospitals: protocol for a scoping review
- Improving the performance of clinical decision support for early detection of sepsis: a retrospective observational cohort study
- Evaluation and optimisation of risk identification tools for the early detection of sepsis in adult inpatients
2.1 Sepsis epidemiology: a nationwide longitudinal investigation
This project was funded by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (the Commission) as part of the National Sepsis Program.
This project was commissioned as a first step in the Commission’s work to develop a national approach to improving outcomes for patients with sepsis across Australia.
The team produced the first national longitudinal sepsis epidemiology report, led by Professor Ling Li and published by the Commission. This report aimed to
- determine the incidence and mortality of sepsis in public hospitals
- investigate variations in incidence and mortality related to patient and hospital stay characteristics
- investigate sepsis-related practice and initiatives across states/territories.
A mixed-methods longitudinal study was conducted. The study cohort included 24 million hospitalisations from 739 public hospitals in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians, patient safety professionals and sepsis researchers nationwide. The report highlighted the substantial number of hospitalisations of patients with sepsis and related inequalities that exist in the Australian population.
2.2 Sepsis surveillance
This project aims to utilise the electronic health record data to establish a benchmark for sepsis incidence and patient care.
Publications
- Incidence and Mortality of Sepsis in Australian Public Hospitals, a Longitudinal Nationwide Epidemiology Study of 739 Hospitals
- Sepsis epidemiology in Australian Public Hospitals, a nationwide longitudinal study (2013-2018)
- Utilising electronic health record data to assess the sepsis inpatient care pathway: a feasibility study
- Epidemiology of sepsis in Australian public hospitals: a mixed methods, national longitudinal study (2013-2018)
Under this theme, we aim to:
- investigate the patient care and associated outcomes
- identify the effective interventions to improve patient outcomes.
There are three main research topics within this theme:
- 3.1: Sepsis patient care and outcomes
- 3.2: Antibiotics timing and appropriateness
- 3.3: Postoperative sepsis.
Data linkage and advanced modelling approaches were used for the cohort studies under this theme. In addition, two MD students are currently working on projects related to postoperative sepsis supervised by Professor Ling Li and her team.
Publications
- Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis identified by the Sepsis‐3 criteria by blood and urine culture results: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
- Association between timing and adequacy of antibiotics and adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
- Response to Re: Association between timing and adequacy of antibiotics and adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
- Advancing Care Equity and Sepsis Outcomes: ACESO study
- Comparison of clinical outcomes among suspected sepsis patients by blood and urine culture results: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
This project aims to examine the impact of sepsis on survivors and related costs on health systems. Survivors often suffer from ongoing sequelae that continue to impact their health after hospital discharge. This topic is the subject of research by PhD Candidate Khalia Ackermann.
Publications
- Cognitive health and quality of life after surviving sepsis: a narrative review
- Hospital readmission after surviving sepsis: a systematic review of readmission reasons and meta-analysis of readmission rates
- Rate and characteristics of amputation procedures in sepsis patients
- Sepsis survivors readmitted with sepsis or pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis
This project aims to examine the evidence of digital health to support sepsis awareness and education. Research topics under this theme include:
- sepsis mobile apps and their usages
- using mobile apps to support MD student education.
Two MD students have undertaken research projects in sepsis care and education supervised by Professor Ling Li.